1. Mencius said, "In the ＇Spring and Autumn＇there are no righteous wars. Instances indeed there are of one war better than another.
2. " ＇Correction＇ is when the supreme authority punishes its subjects by force of arms. Hostile States do not correct one another."
from one degree of infliction to another.
2. 糜, "to boil rice till it is 糜烂, reduced to a pulpy mass". So did Hwuy seem to deal with the bodies of his subjects. 所爱子弟 refers to Hwuy＇s eldest son (I.Pt. I, v, 1). He is called a 子弟, as being one of the youth of the kingdom. 殉之,—comp. Pt. I, 45.
CHAPTER 2. HOW ALL THE FIGHTINGS RECORDED IN THE CH＇UN TS＇EW WERE UNRIGHTEOUS:—A WARNING TO THE CONTENDING STATES OF MENCIUS＇ TIME.
1. 无义战,—"no righteous battles". Both Chaou K＇e and Choo He make 战=战伐之事, "the affairs of fighting and smiting", i.e., all the operations of war detailed in the Ch＇un Ts＇ew. And rightly; for Mencius himself uses the term 伐 in the 3rd par.In the Ch＇un Ts＇ew itself there are mentioned of"fightings"(战) only 23, while the "smitings"(伐) amount to 213. There are specified in it also"invasions"(侵); "sieges"(围); "carryings away"(迁);"extinguishings"(灭); "defeats"(败); "takings"(取);"surprises"袭; "pursuits"(追); and "defenses"(戍); all of which may likewise be comprehended under the term 战. 3. Explains the assertion in the first. In the wars recorded by Confucius, one state or chief was said to 征 another, which could not be according to the meaning of the term.